The Effects Of Dietary Sodoium Nitrite Supplementation On Jejunal Mucosa And Possible Protective Effect Of Vitamin A In Albino Rats

Nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) are naturally-occurring oxidation products of nitrogen which widely used in thefood industry. The goal of this study was to illustrate the histopathological effects of sub-lethal dose of sodiumnitrite on jejunal mucosa and the possible protective effect of vitamin A. Thirty adult male Albino rats weredivided into 3 groups as follows: Group I (control) received distilled water, Group II (Nitrite-treated) whichreceived intra-gastric daily dose of 50 mg/kg NaNO2 and Group III (Nitrite & vit-A treated group) which receivedintra-gastric daily dose of 50 mg/kg NaNO2 +10,000 I.U/ rat vitamin A. Animals were sacrificed 8 weeks aftertreatment. Blood samples were collected and examined. Specimens from jejunal mucosa of rats were collectedfor the optical and electron microscope study. The blood samples showed significant reduction in all blood cellscounting and albumin level with elevated methemoglobin level in the nitrite treated group. Light microscopicexamination revealed that; Sodium nitrite cause jejunal mucosa damage represented by abnormal shape andlength of jejunal mucosa villi, necrosis with marked loss of covering epithelium and excessive cellular infiltrationin its core of lamina. PAS stained sections exhibited weak or negative PAS reaction of goblet cells of brush borderof villi and crypts. The entrocytes and goblet cells showed ultrastructural changes. Vitamin A administrationresulted in marked regression of the previously mentioned jejunal mucosal effects. Results of the current studyrevealed that diatry supplemtation of nitrite cause multible jejunal mucosal injury but the co-administration ofVitamin A greatly reduce the toxic effects of nitrite supplementation on jejunal mucosa

Effects of harpagide on nerve cell and caspase-independent apoptotic signaling pathway in MCAO mice / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effects of harpagide on hippocampal neurons, mitochondrial function and caspase-independent apoptosis pathway after cerebral ischemia in mice. Methods The middle cerebral ar-tery occlusion (MCAO ) was employed to establish MCAO model. After that,the mice were given harp-agide (4,8,12 mg·kg - 1 )and edaravone (3. 2 mg ·kg - 1 )by tail vein injection after MCAO immediate-ly,and the model and control mice were given equal a-mounts of saline by the same way. After MCAO for 6 h,the apoptosis rate of hippocampal neuron and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)of MCAO mice were detected by flow cytometry. We observed the clarity of inner and outer membrane of the hipp-ocampal neuronal mitochondrial,the integrity of the mitochondrial cristae,the changes of matrix electron density of mitochondria,and mitochondria swelling by transmission electron microscopy. Western blot was employed to determine the expression of apoptosis in-duced factor (AIF)and endonuclease G (Endo G)in mitochondrion and pro-caspase-3 in endochylema. qPCR was employed to determine the expression of AIF and Endo G. Results Compared with control group, the apoptosis rate of hippocampal neuron of MCAO mice significantly increased(P < 0. 01),the MMP of hippocampal neuron significantly decreased and the mi-tochondrial ultrastructure of cerebral ischemic area was severely damaged, loosely arranged and obviously swollen;the expression of AIF and Endo G in mito-chondria of cerebral tissue of MCAO mice significantly decreased,and the releases of AIF and Endo G signifi-cantly increased(P < 0. 01);the expressions of AIF, Endo G mRNA were evidently up-regulated (P <0. 01). Compared with model group,each dose of harpagide could significantly decrease the apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons of mice brain (P < 0 . 05 ,P < 0. 01);MMP markedly increased in hippocampal nerve cells(P < 0. 01);the ultrastructure of neuronal mitochondria was obviously improved. Compared with model group,harpagide (8,12 mg·kg - 1 )could sig-nificantly increase the expression of AIF and Endo G protein in mitochondria of mouse brain,and the release of mitochondrial AIF and Endo G protein decreased(P< 0. 05,P < 0. 01);harpagide (4 mg·kg - 1 )could significantly increase the expression of Endo G protein in mitochondria of mouse brain,and the release of En-do G protein markedly decreased (P < 0. 05);harp-agide (8,12 mg·kg - 1 )could significantly decrease the expression of AIF and Endo G mRNA in hippocam-pus of mice(P < 0. 05,P < 0. 01). Conclusion The protective effect of harpagide on MCAO may be related to the protective effects on cerebral nerve cells,the ac-tivity of the mitochondria and the inhibition of caspase-independent apoptotic signaling pathways.

Impairment mechanisms of acute hyperglycemia in the first-phase insulin secretion in mouse / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To clarify the impairment mechanisms of acute hyperglycemia in the first-phase insulin se-cretion in mice. Methods The mouse model of acute glucose toxicity was established by glucose infusion through jugular vein catheterization. The glucose and insulin levels were assessed by IPGTT and OGTT in the mice of acute hyperglycemia and control groups. The histology of pancreatic islets was observed using HE staining and the insulin granules and other cy-toplasmic organelles were observed by electron microscopy. Results The mouse model of acute hyperglycemia was suc-cessfully established. The IPGTT showed that the blood glucose level was decreased by 87% ( 10. 3 ± 0. 33 mmol/L vs. 19. 3 ± 1. 66 mmol/L) at 15 min in the acute hyperglycemia group compared with the control group. The OGTT showed that the blood glucose level was decreased by 85% (9. 8 ± 0. 31 mmol/L vs. 18. 16 ± 1. 01 mmol/L) at 30 min in the acute hy-perglycemia group compared with the control group. However, the peak values of insulin secretion were delayed in both IPGTT and OGTT. Insulin levels at 2. 8 and 16. 7 mmol/L glucose stimulation in the acute hyperglycemia group was de-clined by 46% and 67% than the control group, respectively (P<0. 05). Residual insulin content in isletβcells was de-clined by 49% at 2. 8 mmol/L and 94% at 16. 7 mmol/L glucose infusion than the control group (P<0. 05). The histolo-gy showed irregular structure of pancreatic islets in the acute hyperglycemia group. The electron microscopy revealed that the amount of insulin granules was decreased, and more cytoplasmic vacuoles and swollen mitochondria were observed. Conclusions Acute intravenous glucose load decreases insulin content of isletβcells, leading to decrease and delay of the first-phase insulin secretion.

Impairment mechanisms of acute hyperglycemia in the first-phase insulin secretion in mouse / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To clarify the impairment mechanisms of acute hyperglycemia in the first-phase insulin se-cretion in mice. Methods The mouse model of acute glucose toxicity was established by glucose infusion through jugular vein catheterization. The glucose and insulin levels were assessed by IPGTT and OGTT in the mice of acute hyperglycemia and control groups. The histology of pancreatic islets was observed using HE staining and the insulin granules and other cy-toplasmic organelles were observed by electron microscopy. Results The mouse model of acute hyperglycemia was suc-cessfully established. The IPGTT showed that the blood glucose level was decreased by 87% ( 10. 3 ± 0. 33 mmol/L vs. 19. 3 ± 1. 66 mmol/L) at 15 min in the acute hyperglycemia group compared with the control group. The OGTT showed that the blood glucose level was decreased by 85% (9. 8 ± 0. 31 mmol/L vs. 18. 16 ± 1. 01 mmol/L) at 30 min in the acute hy-perglycemia group compared with the control group. However, the peak values of insulin secretion were delayed in both IPGTT and OGTT. Insulin levels at 2. 8 and 16. 7 mmol/L glucose stimulation in the acute hyperglycemia group was de-clined by 46% and 67% than the control group, respectively (P<0. 05). Residual insulin content in isletβcells was de-clined by 49% at 2. 8 mmol/L and 94% at 16. 7 mmol/L glucose infusion than the control group (P<0. 05). The histolo-gy showed irregular structure of pancreatic islets in the acute hyperglycemia group. The electron microscopy revealed that the amount of insulin granules was decreased, and more cytoplasmic vacuoles and swollen mitochondria were observed. Conclusions Acute intravenous glucose load decreases insulin content of isletβcells, leading to decrease and delay of the first-phase insulin secretion.

Ultra Structure of the Mid-Gut of the Third Instar Larvae of Sarcophaga Aegyptiaca (Diptera: Sarcophagidae).

The mid-gut of third instar larvae of Sarcophag aegyptiaca was divided into anterior, middle and posterior mid-gut regions. A well-developed peritrophic membrane appeared in the apical part of the anterior and middle portions of mid-gut while it is absent from the posterior portion. The microvilli differs in 3 portions, appeared as apical membrane in the anterior portion, sparse in middle portion to long slender compact microvilli in posterior portion. Numerous organelles were observed throughout the cytoplasm of the 3 portions; lipid spheres, rough endoplasmic reticulum, seceretory vesicles and mitochondria. A large apically nucleus appeared in the 3 portion of mid-gut. A basal labyrinth was observed in both anterior and posterior regions of mid-gut while it was absent in middle portion of mid-gut. Thin basement membrane was observed in the 3 portions of mid-gut of third instar larvae of Sarcophag aegyptiaca.

The Structural and Functional Changes Indcuced By Lithium on The Renal Cortex of Growing Albino Rats: Ultrastructure and Laboratory Study.

Introduction: Lithium is a therapeutic agent currently used for the treatment of aff ective disorders controlling a variety of neurotic and psychosomatic manic depressions. Th e main objective of the present work was to demonstrate the histopathological eff ects of the therapeutic doses of Lithium on the renal tubules and glomeruli in growing albino rats. Material and Methods: Th irty growing male Sprague – Dawley albino rats were used in this study. Th e rats were divided into a control group formed of 6 rats and an experimental group formed of 24 rats which received a daily therapeutic dose of 20 mg Lithium/kg body weight by the same route for 7 weeks. Th e renal cortex in all animals is examined by light and electron microscopes. Blood was collected from the sacrifi ced animals for serum creatinine, urea, sodium and potassium to access the eff ect of lithium administration in a therapeutic dose on renal function. Results: Th e present work revealed that the therapeutic doses of Lithium induced nephrotoxicity in the form of degeneration and necrosis in the renal tubules and glomeruli. Alteration in the cellular fi ne structure and degenerated cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles were found revealing cellular degeneration and necrosis. Glomerulosclerosis and congestion were the predominant eff ect on the renal glomeruli. Conclusion: Histological and ultrastructrual features of Lithium nephrotoxicity were detected in the current study with therapeutic doses of Lithium.

Scanning electron microscopic observations of fibrous structure of cemento-dentinal junction in healthy teeth.

Introduction: The cemento‑dentinal junction (CDJ) is a structural and biologic link between cementum and dentin present in the roots of teeth. Conflicting reports about the origin, structure and composition of this layer are present in literature. The width of this junctional tissue is reported to be about 2‑4 µm with adhesion of cementum and dentin by proteoglycans and by collagen fiber intermingling. Aim and Objective: The objective of this study is to observe and report the fibrous architecture of the CDJ of healthy tooth roots. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 healthy teeth samples were collected, sectioned into halves, demineralized in 5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, processed using NaOH maceration technique and observed under a scanning electron microscope. Results: The CDJ appeared to be a fibril poor groove with a width of 2-4 μm. Few areas of collagen fiber intermingling could be appreciated. A detailed observation of these tissues has been presented.

Intra-pulmonary arterial antitumor necrosis factor-α antibody effect on ultra-structure of lung following cardiopulmonary bypass / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To study the effect of intra-pulmonary arterial anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibody(TNF-α Ab) on ultra-structure of lung after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Forty New Zealand rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups:group Ⅰ-Ⅲ underwent CPB; group Ⅳ only received open chest operation.In the group Ⅱ,rabbit TNF-α Ab(27 ng/kg) was dropped into the pulmonary artery when the aorta was clamped and CPB continued 30 minute.Pulmonary arterial perfusion was given to the group I instead.Blood TNF-α and neutrophils count from right and left atrium and oxygenation index in the four groups were determined perioperatively.Lung water content,TNF-αmessenger RNA,Bcl-2 protein,Bax protein,Bcl-2/Bax,apoptosis index and pathomorphological change were measured in the lung tissues.Results TNF-α Ab can restrain leukocyte accumulation and reduce releasing of TNF-α in the lung and improve oxygenation index.Moreover,TNF-α Ab can reduce the expression of Bax on alveolar epithelial cells and alleviate the decreasing of the expression of Bcl-2.It can also reduce the occurrence of apoptosis and attenuate pathomorphological changes in the lung tissue.Conclusion Intra-pulmonary arterial antitumor necrosis factor-α antibody markedly lessens the injury of inflammatory reaction and ultra-structure of lung after CPB via Bcl-2/Bax pathway.

Effect of hypertransfusion on the gastrointestinal tract after cardiac arrest in a porcine model / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the potential protective effect of inducing hypertransfusion to the gastrointestinal tract following a porcine model of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by evaluating the influence of gastrointestinal ultrastructure, ATPase and serum diamine oxidase. METHODS: Ventricular fibrillation was induced by programmed electrical stimulation in 16 male domestic pigs (n=8/group). Four minutes after ventricular fibril ation, CPR was performed. The pigs that successfully restored spontaneous circulation received intravenous infusion of either norepinephrine to maintain the mean arterial pressure at 130％ of the baseline before ventricular fibril ation or normal saline. Serum diamine oxidase and gastrointestinal ATPase activity were determined, and histopathological examination of the gastrointestinal tract was performed by light and electron microscopy. RESULTS: CPR caused significant injury to the gastrointestinal tract, elevating serum diamine oxidase and causing destruction of intestinal microvillus in control animals. Na+-K+ ATPase and Ca2+ATPase activity in gastric tissue were significantly elevated in animals receiving hypertransfusion treatment compared with the control animals. Hypertransfusion also significantly reduced serum diamine oxidase to below control levels after CPR. Moreover, severe injury sustained by the gastrointestinal tissue was markedly ameliorated under hypertransfusion conditions compared with the control animals. CONCLUSIONS: Gastrointestinal injury and abnormal energy metabolism were strikingly evident following CPR. Hypertransfusion inducing hypertension can improve energy metabolism and ameliorate gastrointestinal mucosal injury, indicating that hypothermia significantly ameliorates gastrointestinal injury sustained following cardiac arrest.

Morphology and ecology of Thalassiosira Cleve (Bacillariophyta) species rarely recorded in Brazilian coastal waters / Morfologia e ecologia de espécies de Thalassiosira Cleve (Bacillariophyta) raramente registradas em águas costeiras brasileiras

The detailed description of rarely recorded Thalassiosira species in Brazil is presented with light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) illustrations. A total of 78 phytoplankton net samples (20 µm) collected between the years 2000 and 2006 in coastal waters of southern Brazilian, Cassino Beach and the estuary of Lagoa dos Patos, were studied in cleaned material using the Axiovert Zeiss LM and Jeol 6060 SEM. Water temperature and salinity of samples and six species are presented: Thalassiosira endoseriata, T. hendeyi, T. lundiana, T. minuscula, T. oceanica and T. wongii. Two species, Thalassiosira hendeyi and T. endoseriata were the most common being observed in all seasons at Cassino Beach in a wide temperature range (10-26 ºC), while only sporadically in the estuary of Lagoa dos Patos. Thalassiosira endoseriata, T. lundiana, T. oceanica and T. wongii are for the first time reported in Brazilian coastal waters. The latter two species, rarely recorded in the world, are fully illustrated based on Brazilian material.

A descrição detalhada de seis espécies de Thalassiosira raramente registradas no Brasil é apresentada com ilustrações em microscopia óptica (MO) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Foram estudadas 78 amostras de rede (malha de 20 µm) coletadas entre os anos de 2000 e 2006 em águas costeiras do sul do Brasil, na praia do Cassino e no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos. Dados relativos à temperatura da água e salinidade são apresentados. Thalassiosira endoseriata, T. hendeyi, T. lundiana, T. minuscula, T. oceanica e T. wongii foram estudadas em amostras oxidadas ao MO Axiovert Zeiss e MEV Jeol 6060. Thalassiosira hendeyi e T. endoseriata foram as espécies mais comumente observadas in todas as estações do ano na praia do Cassino em uma grande amplitude de temperatura (10-26 ºC), mas foram observadas esporadicamente no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos. Thalassiosira endoseriata, T. lundiana, T. oceanica e T. wongii são, pela primeira vez, registradas em águas costeiras brasileiras. As duas últimas espécies, raramente registradas em águas costeiras em geral, são ilustradas em detalhe com espécimens brasileiros.

Chave dicotômica ilustrada para a identificação de espécies de Thalassiosira Cleve (diatomácea) no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos e área costeira adjacente (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil) / Illustrated dichotomous key for the identification of Thalassiosira Cleve species (Bacillariophyceae) from Lagoa dos Patos estuary and adjacent areas (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)

O trabalho apresenta uma chave dicotômica e uma tabela comparativa com as dimensões e características diagnósticas para a identificação de dezessete espécies de Thalassiosira (diatomáceas), comumente observadas no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos e na área costeira adjacente à sua desembocadura (~32º S e 52º W). Para todas as espécies estudadas são fornecidas ilustrações e comentários sobre os detalhes morfológicos importantes para a sua identificação em microscopia óptica, bem como imagens em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV).

The paper presents a dichotomous key and a comparative table summarizing dimension data and diagnostic characteristics of seventeen Thalassiosira species (diatoms) commonly found in Lagoa dos Patos estuary and the coastal adjacent area (~32º S and 52º W). For all studied species, optic microscope illustrations and comments on significant morphological features are provided, together with scanning electron microscopy images.

Morphology and ecology of the planktonic diatom Palmerina hardmaniana (Greville) Hasle in southern Brazil / Morfologia e ecologia de diatomácea planctônica Palmerina hardmaniana (Greville) Hasle no Sul do Brasil

The diatom Palmerina hardmaniana (Greville) Hasle presents a wide geographical distribution in neritic tropical and subtropical regions. In the present work we analyzed plankton samples collected monthly between 1995 and 2007 at the surf zone of Cassino Beach, RS (32º 12' S and 52º 10' W), and in winter 2005 and summer 2007 at the continental shelf and slope in southern Brazil, Santa Marta Grande Cape, SC and Albardão-Chuí, RS regions (28º 23'-33º 07' S and 48º 41'-52º 26' W). We present the detailed morphological description of P. hardmaniana, and the first study including electron scanning microscope observations for material from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. The morphometric data confirm the identity of the species in all its ultra-structural details. Palmerina hardmaniana was only observed in summer-autumn months with low cell density (< 500 cells.L-1) at both Cassino Beach surf zone and coastal shelf stations. The warm water temperature (18-29 ºC) indicates the most probable origin of its inoculum are tropical/subtropical regions. Salinities of 23-36 and the relatively high silicate content indicate the importance of the terrestrial discharge during occasions when P. hardmaniana was observed, probably with influence on the nutrient availability. We emphasize that the species was not cited previously for Argentinean and Uruguayan waters and suggest that the southern Brazilian region is close to the southern geographical distribution limit of Palmerina hardmaniana in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean.

A diatomácea Palmerina hardmaniana (Greville) Hasle apresenta ampla distribuição geográfica em águas neríticas tropicais e subtropicais. No presente trabalho foram analisadas amostras de plâncton, coletadas mensalmente entre 1995 e 2007 na zona de rebentação da Praia do Cassino, RS (32º 12' S e 52º 10' W), e no inverno de 2005 e verão de 2007 na plataforma continental e talude do sul do Brasil, na região de Cabo de Santa Marta Grande, SC e Albardão-Chuí, RS (28º 23'-33º 07' S e 48º 41'-52º 26' W). Apresentamos a descrição detalhada de P. hardmaniana, como primeiro estudo com observações de microscopia eletrônica de varredura para material coletado em águas do Oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental. Os dados morfológicos analisados confirmam a identificação da espécie em todos os seus detalhes estruturais. Palmerina hardmaniana somente foi observada nos meses de verão/outono, em baixa densidade (< 500 células.L-1) na zona de arrebentação da Praia do Cassino bem como em estações costeiras da plataforma continental. A temperatura quente da água (18-29 ºC), indica as águas tropicais/subtropicais como possível origem do inóculo de P. hardmaniana no verão-outono. A salinidade entre 23 e 36 e o teor relativamente alto de sílica também indicam a importância da descarga terrestre nas ocasiões de presença de P. hardmaniana, exercendo importante papel no suprimento de nutrientes. Salienta-se que a espécie não é citada em águas argentinas e uruguaias e assim, sugerimos que o extremo sul do Brasil representa aproximadamente o limite sul da distribuição geográfica de Palmerina hardmaniana no Oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental.

Effects of mucosal protective agents against experimental gastric mucosal lesions and ultra-structure changes in gastric mucosal in rats / 中华消化杂志

Objective To evaluate the protective effects of hydrotalcite,Marzulene-s,selbex,gefarnate,sucralfate and rebamipide against the gastric mucosa lesions induced by ethanol,aspirin,hydrochloric acid or prednisolone in rats.The changes in intercellular space width of gastric epithelial in rats was observed. Methods Four kinds of models were used to observe the protective effects of six agents against the gastric mucosal lesions.① Ethanol model:a total of 84 male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups with 12 each. The rats in group 1 to 7 were orally received hydrotalcite,Marzulene-S,gefarnate,sucralfate,rebamipide or normal saline for 3 days,respectively.On day 4,the rats were given 1 ml of absolute ethanol.The length of gastric lesion were measured by ulcer index.② Aspirin model:the rats were received 300 mg/kg of aspirin and 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid (0.5 ml/100 g).The following procedures were as ①.③ Hydrochloric acid model:the rats were received 1 ml of 0.7 mol/L hydrochloric acid. The following procedures were as ①. ④ Prednisolone model: all groups were administrated with above 6 agents or normal saline for 5 days.During the 2nd-5th day,the rats were subcu aneously injected with prednisolone (250 mg/kg) daily. Rats were killed on 5th day,and the lesions were mcasured by ulcer index.Gastric mucosal tissue of No.1,5 and ]0 rat in the control group and the hydrotalcite group were picked up to measure the intercellular space width using transmission electron microscopy. Results In four kind of models,the ulcer index were significantly lower in rats treated with mucosal protective agents than that in the controls (P＜0.05),expecially in hydrotalcite group (P＜0.01).The width of intercellular space in the hydrotalcite group was significantly narrower than that in controls (P＜0.05).Conclusions All of the mucosal protective agents can be against the gastric mucosal lesion induced by ethanol,hydrochloric acid,aspirin or prednisolone.Among them,the hydrotalcite is even better.The effect of hydrotalcite is further confirmed by observation of intercellular space width.

Ultraestructura de los huevos de dos mariposas nocturnas de Chile: Ormiscodes socialis y Polythysana cinerascens (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) / Egg ultrastructure in two Chilean moths: Ormiscodes socialis and Polythysana cinerascens (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

The structure and ultra-structure of the eggs from Ormiscodes socialis (Feisthamel) and Polythysana cinerascens (Philippi) are described, considering shape, size, coloring when recently laid, oviposition type and aeropiles (quantity, distribution and proportion) in the micropilar area, among others. The ultra-structure is shown for primary cells, secondary cells, aeropiles and micropiles. A comparative table of the eggs of these species is presented and includes the previously described eggs of Adetomeris microphthalma (Philippi). Myoschilos oblonga Ruiz y Pavón (Santalaceae) is recorded as a new host for P. cinerascens.

Se describe la estructura y ultraestructura de los huevos de las especies Ormiscodes socialis (Feisthamel) y Polythysana cinerascens (Philippi), considerando la forma, tamaño, color, tipo de ovipostura, y aeropilas (cantidad, distribución y proporción) en el área micropilar, entre otros. La ultraestructura es mostrada a través de las celdas primarias, celdas secundarias, aeropilas y micropilas; además se incluye a la especie ya descrita Adetomeris microphthalma (Philippi) y se confecciona un cuadro comparativo para los huevos de estas especies. Se registra como nuevo hospedero de P. Cinerascens a Myoschilos oblonga Ruiz y Pavón (Santalaceae).

Correlation between Level of Nitric Oxide/Nitricoxide Synthase and Ultra-Structure Changes of Placenta Exposured in Lead Gestation Period in Rats / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the correlation between level of nitric oxide/ nitricoxide synthase(NO/NOS) on placenta homogenate and ultra-structure changes of placenta in pregnancy lead exposure in rats.Methods Seventeen normal pregnant rats and 46 rats of exposured in lead which were divided into A,B,C groups were studied.The level of NO/NOS of placenta were measured by nitrate reductase and NOS kit.Placentas were randomly selected from each group to detect ultra-structure by electron-microscope.Results There were significant difference among A,B and control groups on level of NO/NOS(all P0.05).Compensation hyperplasy or minor injury were observed in lead exposure of stage groups.Lead exposure during whole gestation period,the lead level was maxmum,and decompensation were observed on placental construction.Conclusions There is a close correlations between level of lead,NO/NOS and pathological change of placental tissue,and both of them may play an important role in the pathogenesis of peripartum lead exposure.

Growth Inhibitory Effects of Various Herbal Extracts on Metronidazole Resistant Strain of Trichomonas vaginalis

BACKGROUND: Metronidazole has been known as the most effective drug for treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis-related diseases. However, it has been reported that metronidazole has adverse effects and incidence of metronidazole-resistant T. vaginalis (CDC085) has increased. Development of new drug, which is effective against metronidazole-resistant T. vaginalis and showing no adverse effects, has been required. METHODS: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of various extracts from herbs such as Quisqualis indica, Gleditsia sinensis, Prunus armeniaca, Morus alba, Platycodon grandiflorum, Ailanthus altissima, Stemona japonica, Biota orientalis, Dryobalanops aromatica, and Cimicifuga heracleifolia on metronidazole resistant strain of T. vaginalis in vitro (CDC085). RESULTS: Anti-Trichomonas activities were observed in T. vaginalis treated with G. sinensis, P. armeniaca, and P. grandiflorum on the growth and fine structure of metronidazole resistant strain of T. vaginalis. Of the three standard extracts that showed the most effective anti-trichomonas activity, G. sinensis was the most effective. The inhibitory effects of fraction extracts of this drug were shown on the growth of T. vaginalis. The fine structure of the cytoplasm was changed after application of G. sinensis extract. The number of polyribosome and hydrogenosome decreased whereas the number of food vacuole and vacuole in the cytoplasm increased, compared with that of untreated control group. CONCLUSION: The results of our study indicate that G. sinensis may induce the inhibition of cell multiplication as well as impairment of protein synthesis of metronidazole resistant strain of T. vaginalis in vitro.

Growth Inhibitory Effects of Various Herbal Extracts on Metronidazole Resistant Strain of Trichomonas vaginalis

BACKGROUND: Metronidazole has been known as the most effective drug for treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis-related diseases. However, it has been reported that metronidazole has adverse effects and incidence of metronidazole-resistant T. vaginalis (CDC085) has increased. Development of new drug, which is effective against metronidazole-resistant T. vaginalis and showing no adverse effects, has been required. METHODS: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of various extracts from herbs such as Quisqualis indica, Gleditsia sinensis, Prunus armeniaca, Morus alba, Platycodon grandiflorum, Ailanthus altissima, Stemona japonica, Biota orientalis, Dryobalanops aromatica, and Cimicifuga heracleifolia on metronidazole resistant strain of T. vaginalis in vitro (CDC085). RESULTS: Anti-Trichomonas activities were observed in T. vaginalis treated with G. sinensis, P. armeniaca, and P. grandiflorum on the growth and fine structure of metronidazole resistant strain of T. vaginalis. Of the three standard extracts that showed the most effective anti-trichomonas activity, G. sinensis was the most effective. The inhibitory effects of fraction extracts of this drug were shown on the growth of T. vaginalis. The fine structure of the cytoplasm was changed after application of G. sinensis extract. The number of polyribosome and hydrogenosome decreased whereas the number of food vacuole and vacuole in the cytoplasm increased, compared with that of untreated control group. CONCLUSION: The results of our study indicate that G. sinensis may induce the inhibition of cell multiplication as well as impairment of protein synthesis of metronidazole resistant strain of T. vaginalis in vitro.

The change of functions and hypermicro-instructure in lung in experimental aging mice and effect of cistanche desertica polysacchrides on the change / 中国药理学通报

AIM: To observe the alteration of the functions and hypermicro-instructure in lung of experimental aging mice and the effect of cistanche desertica polysacchrides on the alteration. METHODS: To use the models of inhaling ozone (O3) for 4 week, and two doses of cistanche desertica polysacchrides (50,100 mg·kg-1·d-1) were ig administrated to small and large dose group mice per day respectively (for 6 week). Then the behavioral and biochemical examinations of lung and blood was carried out, and the ultrastructures were observe by the transmission electronic microscopic. RESULTS: Compared with aging models, cistanche desertica polysacchrides could significantly prolong the period of nonoxygen (P< 0.01), promote SOD it also activity and decrease MDA contents in lung and serum respectively (P<0.01), it also could improve swelling of mitochondra and the alteration of multilamellar ultra-structure. CONCLUSION: Cistanche desertica polysacchrides improve the impaired physiological function and alleviate morphological change in lung in experimental aging mice.

Effect of Chronic Arsenism on Ultra-structure of Rats' Hippocampus CA3 / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To study effect of chronic arsenism on ultra-structure of rats’ hippocampus CA3. Methods 50 SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups(25 rats in each group):the control group and the arsenic poisoning group. The control group drank distilled water. The arsenic poisoning group drank distilled water containing 100 mg/L AS2O3. Both groups were fed on common feed. All rats were killed after 4 months and the hippocampus tissue was observed by optic and electron microscope. Results By optic microscope,the pyramidal cells at the hippocampus CA3 region of the control group were dense and orderly. The cells bodies were pyramidal and clear,cytoplasm were abundant with Nissl bodies. While the pyramidal cells of the arsenic poisoning group were fewer and scattered unorderly and the pyramidal cell form was irregular. Nissl bodies in cytopalsm were fewer or missing.The arsenic poisoning group's cells were fewer than the control group’s (P

The change of functions and hypermicro-instructure in lung in experimental aging mice and effect of cistanche desertica polysacchrides on the change / 中国药理学通报

AIM To observe the alteration of the functions and hypermicro-instructure in lung of experimental aging mice and the effect of cistanche desertica polysacchrides on the alteration. METHODS To use the models of inhaling ozone (O 3) for 4 week,and two doses of cistanche desertica polysacchrides (50,100 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ) were ig administrated to small and large dose group mice per day respectively(for 6 week).Then the behavioral and bio-chemical examinations of lung and blood was carried out,and the ultrastructures were observe by the transmission electronic microscopic. RESULTS Compared with aging models,cistanche desertica polysacchrides could significantly prolong the period of non-oxygen ( P